Evaluation of Uterus in Post Abortion Duration Using Ultrasound Technique

Evaluation of Uterus in Post Abortion Duration Using Ultrasound Technique

Roaa Fathi Ali Ahmed^*

*Correspondence to: Roaa Fathi Ali Ahmed, Alzaeim Alazhary university.

Copyright

© 2025 Roaa Fathi Ali Ahmed. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 25 June 2025

Published: 07 July 2025

Introduction   

Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before 20 weeks gestation ,if abortion occurs before 12 weeks gestation, it is called  early, from 12 to 20 weeks it is called late.⁽¹⁾

The appearance of ultrasound finding in early postpartum period reflect the physiological changes occur also dopplar technology is used to study hemodynamic events occurring during the puerperium ,they detect a localized area of increased vascularity within the myometrium⁽²⁾

The criteria of retained products include variable amount of echogenic or heterogenous material within the endometrial cavity and presence of vascularity within the echogenic material supports the diagnosis but the absence of colour flow has low negative predictive value because retained products may be a vascular , calcification may be present ,also it suspected on ultrasound if endometrial thickness is more than 10 mm following dilation and curettage or spontaneous abortion^.(3)

On previos study showed 46 patient underwent dilation and curettage of which 67.4% was proven to have retained products of conception .31patients were followed up through expectant mangement^.(4) another study showed 63 patients underwent surgical intervention ,and 28 of these had retained products and the remaining were followed clinically^.an endometrial mass was the most sensitivity(79%) and specific (89%).⁽⁵⁾

Postabortion complication develops as incomplete evacuation of uterus and uterine atony which lead to hemorrhagic complication,infection ,and injury due to instruments used during the procedure. Also in septic abortion infection usuallu begin as endometritis  and involve the endometrium and any retained product of conception then spread further into myometrium and parametrium may progress into peritonitis  .The patient may develop bacteremia and sepsis.

The aim of the study to evaluate the uterus and early detection f retained product to decrease the rate of complication and improve health of patient.

Justificaion

One of the factors contributing the complication in  post abotiorn duration is retained product and the type of which the product expelled by it ,either sponatous or D and C or evacuation of product  .

Problem Statement

Abortion is  most serious case that occur for a pregnant lady in early pregnancy period . It is a potentially life-threatening condition with risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Even in undiagnosed cases discovered at the time of miscarriage.

Research question

How we can evaluate the uterus in post abortion period?

Objectives

General objective:

To Evaluate the uterus in post abortion period using ultrasound technique at Omdurman Maternity Hospital.

Specific objectives:

1. To measure the endometrial thickness of the uterus.
2. To  assess the vascularity of uterus.
3. To  identify the type of evacuation was used.
4. To  detect any abnormality in current pregnancy
5. To correlate the endometrial thickness with gestational age.
6. To correlate between the type of operation and remaining product.

Materials

Study design:

It will be prospective descriptive hospital-based study conducted at Omdurman Maternity Hospital tal and al saudai hospi

Study period:

The study will be  conducted in a period from February  2018 to June   2018.

Study area: The study will conducted in Omdurman Maternity Teaching Hospital and alsaudi hospital

Sample size:

The sample of size is 100 patients.

Study population:

All  women whom  underwent abortion during study period  and agreed to participate .

Inclusion criteria

Women in post abortion period until 3-4 week.

Exclusion criteria

Women beyond the period of post abortion.

Methods

Data collection:

The data will collect by a pre-designed questionnaire for the purpose of this study  by using trans abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound scan associated with Doppler sonography.

Study variable:

Age, parity, Gestational age,Endometrial thickness, doppler finding

Instrument and procedure:

With direct interview questionnaire time of diagnosis and treatment modality will ascertained.

Sonographic technique:

 The female pelvis is routinely evaluated with at least one of two ultrasound techniques: TA and TV (Box 42-1). The TA examination is performed from the anterior abdominal wall using a curvilinear, or sector, transducer with frequencies of up to 5 MHz. TA scans typically use the distended urinary bladder as a “sonic” window to identify the uterus and adnexa as an overview of the other pelvic structures. If the protocol is to do a TA study in conjunction with a TV study, not all institutions begin with the urinary bladder fully distended. Even when the urinary bladder is only partially distended or is empty, a TA scan may still help as an overview to the pelvic structures. The TV examination is performed with the patient’s bladder empty, using higher transducer frequencies of 7.5 MHz or more. These higher frequencies have better near-field focusing and resolution, which permit greater detail and characterization of the uterus and adnexa.

Data Analysis:

The data collected and analyzed by computer using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22, Excell 2007 for figures .

Data presentation

Data will be presented in tables and figures and cross tables, it will be storage in CD and hard copies. .

Data storage:   The data will store in CD, flash, computer and hard copy.

Ethical consideration:

Permission will obtain from hospitals administration, and no interference with management protocols and verbal  consent will obtain  from all participant

Results

Table (1) Frequency distribution of age :

Figure (1) frequency distribution of age

Table ( 2 ) Frequency distribution of parity :

Figure (2) frequency distribution of parity

Table (3) Frequency distribution of history of miscarriage :

Figure (3) frequency distribution of history of miscarriage

Table (4 ) Frequency distribution of  the product expelled:

Figure  (4 ) frequency distribution of the product expelled

Table (5 ) Frequency distribution of  history of D & C  :

Figure  (5 ) frequency distribution of history of D & C

Table ( 6 ) Frequency distribution of  History of molar pregnancy :